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The usage of audiovisual aids at taking a blood sample from child
BRČÁKOVÁ, Dominika
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the possibilities of using audiovisual aids during venous blood sampling in children. The issue of pain management should be studied because it is very important to prevent or at least minimize pain. Pain caused during medical procedures can be traumatizing for a child and can also affect their attitude towards further treatment. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part describes the different developmental periods of a child, the character and approaches to venous blood sampling, education, fear, pain, pain management techniques, and pain assessment scales. The practical part contains the results obtained from the research study. The main objective of this thesis was to determine whether the use of audiovisual aids can reduce pain during venous blood sampling in children. The study used the method of participant observation, and the results were recorded using a structured recording form. Data collection took place at the pediatric department of a hospital in South Bohemia. A total of 30 respondents were observed and divided into 2 groups, with each group containing 15 respondents. In the first group, venous blood sampling was performed in the usual way, while in the second group, an audiovisual aid, a tablet with pre-selected fairy tales, was used during the procedure. The selection of fairy tales was based on the age of the respondents. Based on the results, it was found that the audiovisual aid is not fully helpful in reducing pain during venous blood sampling in children. It can be used as a distraction tool before venous blood sampling, as it can entertain the child while waiting for the procedure. However, during the actual blood draw and pain, the child did not show much interest in the aid. It is also important to note that the observed interest in this potential aid was only apparent in children aged four and older.
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Subjective perception of midwifery care provided to delivering women
ŠTRUNCOVÁ, Daniela
This thesis titled "Subjective perceptions of care provided by a midwife from the perspective of a laboring woman deals aout the perception of midwifery care provided by women in the delivery room. The work is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretically described, who is a midwife, her competence and activity in prenatal care for childbirth and the postpartum period. It also focuses on the role of partner at birth, the circumstances which affect the perception of mothers giving birth and the importance of communication between parents and health professionals. The second part is a survey focuses on women's knowledge about the profession of midwives, on their personal experience, ideas about childbirth and achieve them, and the presence of a partner during childbirth. The aim of this thesis was to find out what was expected of mothers with which it came to the delivery room. On the basis of the goals were set two research questions. The first research question: How mothers perceive midwifery care? The second research question: What are the expectations of women who come to the delivery room? To achieve the target was used qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interview. The research sample consisted of thirteen women after childbirth station postpartum hospital Liberec region in January 2017. Interviews were with the consent of respondents recorded, transcribed and then classified into two categories (midwifery care and delivery). It has been divided into subcategories. Category midwives´s care were divided into five subcategories (Knowledge mothers about midwife, mothers expectations, the woman´s perceptions of midwifery care, the mother´s perception of midwives personality, midwifery care at the station postpartum.). The second category includes two subcategories (The idea of childbirth and its fulfillment, partner at birth). The research showed that most women in the delivery room comes without some idea of how they might look like childbirth. Women in labor who have any expectations, mostly from antenatal courses, books, the Internet and the experience of their friends. Their most common expectation is pain but themselves indicate that even she is surprised at his strength. Only three respondents indicated that they had certain expectations of how they should look to their birth and one of the respondent's directly determine claims about how they wanted her birth took place. This respondent expected primarily natural childbirth without intervention and as soon as possible contact with a newborn. Mothers perceived midwife primarily as a support, which is imortant for them during labor and a very important element to which they can turn for help and advice. This thesis may be a motive to improve midwifery care for women birthing room. It can also serve as information material for students of midwifery or pregnant women.
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Antenatal education and its importance for mothers.
ŠRÁMKOVÁ, Lucie
Childbirth is the most beautiful moment, however, it is also a turning point in life for both women and men. Pregnant women can be afraid of the delivery, therefore, they often seek advice in antenatal preparation courses. Women can start attending the courses anytime, but the most of them start at an advanced stage of pregnancy. In the courses, women get acquainted with the process of pregnancy, in addition, they are being prepared to the delivery, lying-in and breastfeeding. The knowledge gained during these courses lead to the removal of negative emotions associated with the delivery. The introduction of this thesis is theoretical and describes the history of antenatal preparation. In the next part, we focused on the current state of antenatal preparation courses and we divided them into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part of the course is divided into chapters that contain information pregnant women should receive in the antenatal preparation courses. The part describes pregnancy, maternity and parental leave, the selection of the maternity hospital, when to go to the hospital and what to take with you, accompaniment in the delivery room, preparation for the delivery, pain relief, the period of lying-in, child care and breastfeeding. The practical part of the course describes what are the appropriate physical activity during pregnancy, practicing breathing and relaxing positions during the delivery. The aim of the research part of this thesis was to determine whether mothers are satisfied with antenatal preparation courses management in Pribram and surroundings and whether they will use the information provided in the courses. The practical part was conducted using qualitative research techniques. The data was gathered through interviewing using semi-structured interviews. These interviews were recorded and subsequently processed and rewritten for better clarity. The obtained data was analyzed by hand coding then. For greater clarity, the results were organized into one main category containing 12 subcategories. The research sample consisted of 6 women who attended an antenatal preparation course in Pribram and surroundings. Interviews were anonymous and were conducted in private, outside the hospital. The first research question dealt with how participants evaluate the quality of antenatal preparation courses in Pribram and surroundings. The research revealed that the majority of interviewees (70%) was satisfied with the antenatal preparation courses management in the area and the course was positively evaluated. Most women recommends to visit an antenatal preparation course, at least during the first pregnancy. The results show that the midwives who led the courses seemed to be nice and friendly to the respondents. There was only 1 respondent who was not satisfied with the midwife. The second research question focused on how participants use the information provided in antenatal preparation courses. The survey showed that the most frequently used information gained from the courses include information about breathing during the delivery, child care, lying-in and breastfeeding and about organizational matters. The third research question concentrated on lack of information in antenatal preparation courses. The results revealed that a half of respondents did not miss any information during the course. The second half of interviewees lacked information about C-section and about the rights during the delivery and breastfeeding. After analyzing the survey, it was discovered that women learn valuable information in antenatal preparation courses that helps them during the delivery and taking care of the child then. The results of this thesis might be used to improve and extend the prenatal care for pregnant women and midwives leading the antenatal preparation courses. A recommendation we can make for birth attendants is to spread information about the rights during the delivery.
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Periradicular therapy in the Hospital Český Krumlov a.s.
KUTIŠOVÁ, Magdalena
This bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of backache and its treatment. Backache is one of the most common diagnosis. The most affected are usually people in their productive age and therefore the economic and social consequences are very significant. There are many techniques used in diagnosis of backache, easier and cheaper techniques are used in the first place. The diagnosis consists of examination of the patient, medical history and clinical examination. The treatment depends on type and progress of the illness. The basic division is acute (4 to 6 weeks) and chronic case (more than 3 months). Another division is common backache, nervous radicular pain and serious illness of spine. I will mainly focus on nervous radicular pain. The basis of the therapy should be active treatment accompanied by physiotherapy. In addition to this therapy, pharmacological treatment is also used. The pharmacological treatment consists of application of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesic and also antidepressants. If the conservative therapy is not effective, it is possible to use the least invasive techniques. The most popular one is the periradicular therapy under CT guidance, which is also the subject of this thesis. During the periradicular therapy under CT guidance the needle is being inserted to intervertebral foramen in the area of radicular affected nerve where lytic mixture is then being applied. The lytic mixture is sometimes replaced by ozone with the same effect. When the PRT was first used, it was mainly applied in the area of lumbar spine. Nowadays, it is usually used in treatment of lesion in the area of cervical spine. The objective of this thesis is to describe anatomy of the examined area, physiological and pathological state, the main indications for the periradicular therapy and methods of implementation including the used tools and pharmaceutical. Following part is focused on development of application of this method in the Hospital of Český Krumlov, a.s. the radiodiagnostics department, and to analyse the effectiveness of the treatment. I have conducted analysis and processed data of performed periradicular therapies in the Hospital of Český Krumlov, a.s. from 2010, when the method was introduced, up to 2015. I have made a questionnaire survey of 40 people selected by chance and then I processed the data in order to create a general overview of obtained results. The result of the thesis is that the number of performed periradicular therapies is steadily increasing. One-third increase was recorded from 2010 to 2015. The number of women patients prevails, 53% of patients in the given period were women. The most common age category is 50 to 59 years, this category constitutes 37% of all patients. It was found out that most of the patients were treated just for one or two times. Only 7% of the patients were treated for more than two times. When processing the data from my survey, I have found out that most of the patients are satisfied with the effectiveness of the therapy, which corresponds with the results quoted in the bibliography.
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Methods of the emergency bleeding control and their use in rescue services
MADĚRÁNKOVÁ, Adéla
The theoretical part of this thesis refers to bleeding and the methods that are used to stop it. Descriptions of bleeding, physiological hemostasis, organism changes during hemorrhagic shock, methods of hemostasis, other treatment after temporary hemostasis and complications have all been included. This thesis contains well-known hemostasis methods such as the pressure bandage, but also new tools, for example the hemostatic gauze celox or newly developed tools like the Wound Stasis System. I set two goals for this research. The main goal was to find out which ways of hemostasis are used by ambulance services. The secondary goal was to compare the hemostasis equipment of the previously mentioned services. The research was done in a qualitative style. I used the managed talk method, which I addressed to 13 members of ambulance services. Each respondent belonged to a different organization from South Bohemia and South Moravia, they were all randomly chosen. Each of them answered the same 6 questions. They were asked about their training, equipment and hemostasis experiences. Furthermore, I was interested in their experience with the C-A-T equipment. The 13 subjects attending the survey are able to use all basic methods of hemostasis thanks to their training and equipment. Specifically referring to pressure on the injury, pressing pressure point, pressure bandages and tourniquets. Thanks to the equipment comparison I found out that ambulance services use the same equipment and the only differences concern the C-A-T system, the fixing pelvis belt and hemostasis gauze.
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